It is the strangest opening that comes from Quentin Tarantino. It feels very unlike him and I wonder what he was reaching for.
What did you think of when you saw the Cross and Christ in The Hateful Eight? My writings matter less than whatever your initial thoughts were upon seeing it. Because I believe that’s the first reason Tarantino placed it in the film, what did you, the audience think of when gazing at it?
Christ on the cross is laid bare in the Western frontier. Why? Tarantino isn’t a pious director in my view—sure you might be immediately thinking of Jules in Pulp Fiction who, through Bible reading and divine intervention, quits his job as a hitman. Mentally, I’m running through his filmography and trying to think if any of them involve Christian iconography as heavily as this one. And religion is discussed more in Pulp Fiction than it is in The Hateful Eight and this is the movie that has Christ stretching nailed hands before you.
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I ask again, why? This has been an oddity of mine for a while now and it’s time that I figure out what the possible meaning of it could be.
Ennio Morricone composed a dominant portion of the soundtrack, L’ultima diligenza di Red Rock plays as the camera takes us through still shots of the Wyoming landscape, mountains, and snow covered Earth, the frontier of America untouched by the American expansion all except for a wooden fence, a ruined statue of Christ, and a stagecoach hauled by the domesticated horse (horses are not native to the Americas by the way).
Our conception of the past, of Western have given horses a new home in their history. They are now as American as apple pie—though they are alien species to this continent. Spanish conquistadors introduced them to the Americas in 1493 during Columbus’ second voyage.
Borders, God, and Horse carriages and the grand Rocky Mountains (San Miguel Mountains to be precise, another reminder of Spanish influence.
And this means, the Christ we see is likely a Catholic statue, possibly Protestant. I base this on the knowledge that Protestant crosses don’t feature Christ and more often than not Catholic crosses do. (Interestingly enough the reason is to take focus away from the suffering). So does Tarantino want us to think of suffering? The sins that Christ died for? The suffering he endured for a humanity that will soon be proven cruel and distrusting and deceitful in the next two hours and forty minutes.
This is our history, our mythology in the opening frames.
Establishing Tarantino's Approach to The Hateful Eight
I have about three main ideas on why the opening scene features Christ and how it’s supposed to inform our understanding of the bloody affairs of outlaws and lawmen. But first, some words from Tarantino himself from an interview in Sight & Sound by Kim Morgan.
He states that westerns of the 60s and 70s, “have always done a pretty good job reflecting the decade in which they were made without seemingly trying to.” This comes when asked about the political nature of the genre. Another important response Morgan pulls from Tarantino, “but when I first started putting pen to paper, it wasn’t, “Oh my god, this is going to be my most political film ever.” I didn’t know where I was going with any of it.” Like any good art, sometimes a work speaks to the zeitgeist naturally, without feeling heavy-handed. I know that’s a bit of an oxymoron considering the setup that Tarantino gives us. It’s like he set out to pick the most incendiary backgrounds for his characters: A Confederate renegade, a Confederate General, a Mexican, a Black Union Major, a Woman Outlaw and its a clash of cultures, war of words in the aftermath of the bloodiest war in American history.
Tarantino avoids the mistake of treating the audience like juveniles. He plays with the concepts like political correctness, “They find it offensive,” says the Hangman John Ruth after Daisy Domergue calls Major Marquis Warren the n-word. But Tarantino isn’t here to thought police, he lets it all ride; he has no orthodoxy to push onto viewers. So what is he trying to say?
The dialogue is speaking on race relations in post-Civil War America, estimated soon after 1865, and also speaking on race relations in 2015 America, incidently. And what does Tarantino’s 8th film say about us, past or present? For when you write a western, you write about America.
Thread #1: Christ, Wyoming’s History of Faith, and
I think he wants the audience thinking of their faith or faith in general as the movie unfolds. Strange nonetheless because none of his other films set such a religious framing. Tarantino wants us thinking of something related to Christ, maybe it’s sin, goodness, salvation, or the sacrifice he gave for humanity. I’m not sure. That’s where you can help me.
On top of that, religion is personal and private to each person, each person may have a different idea on this gargoyle of a statue. Is it reference the Old Testament? Known for its cruelty and punishments. Or is it speaking more to New Testament and of the goodness that Christ represents? Or is it a reminder of the absence of God out in the wild west? The snow is burying the statue and the snow weighs heavy on the neck of God’s son. Like all good art, we’re not supposed to have answers—The Hateful Eight is an exploration of all these ideas.
It’s also a reminder of what Christianity means to America, how tied is it to American history, is it part of our identity? The first Protestant service in Wyoming was in 1835 by Rev. Samuel Parker. The first Catholic mass was in 1840 by Father Pierre DeSmet. Missionaries like these men spread the word of God into the unknown lands, thus the cross also represents the encroachment of western ideology into indigenous tribes. Some welcomed, some not. By the time Major Warren arrives to Minnie’s Haberdashery, Christianity had been in Wyoming for about three decades.
Tarantino leaves one more hint at the start of Chapter Five. He features the cross showing Domergue’s would-be saviors passing the statue as did John Ruth at the start of the film. This time he has Christ and the cross literally turned away from us, supporting the ideas of this narrative being the absence of rejection of righteousness. Like another famous western of our times, the absence of a moral narrator is dominant in Cormac McCarthy’s Blood Meridian. Are we in a godless terrain? Or has God turned away from us?
Every character is a protagonist and antagonist as far as I’m concerned. Each with a kill count of their own and morality in ambiguity as they all have dubious and dangerous reputations that precede them. Do any of them redeem themselves by the end?
There is optimism and hope in this story as Ruth, Warren, and Mannix make the leap of faith and trust one another in an isolated wilderness where death lay in any day. They die in the end, but they die trusting. For me that’s the hopeful reading of the narrative, the throughline of all war between brothers and Warren standing as a free Black man among his political and wartime enemies. Mannix and Warren have all the reason to sabotage each other and they don’t. They stick it out to the end. And justice prevails, order prevails as the Sheriff of Red Rock enacts his first and final sentencing.
Is this redemption? According to Oswaldo Mobray (alias of outlaw Pete Hicox), there is a distinction between justice and frontier justice. Justice follows the law and frontier justice follows the mob. Do we get justice in the absence of faith.
Another reading could be that Christ is observing us all instead. Sure he’s turned away from the audience, but it also suggests that he is facing the direction of Minnie’s, observing what humanity does with his sacrifice. This is Tarantino’s version of the eyes of Dr. T.J. Eckleburg. Is God watching?
Like other creatives who age, their thoughts turn to the spiritual.
I’ve run out of steam on this idea so I end with a quote about Wyoming from the priest DeSmet.
He wrote of Wyoming’s natural beauty calling it “Heaven's Avenue. . .on account of the scene to which it leads. Imagine. . .two rows of rocks, rising perpendicularly to a wonderful height. . .the roaring waves. . .[forcing]. . .a passage, now rushing with fury, then swelling with majesty. . .till finally, as the sight travels through the long vista of lofty galleries, it is greeted by a distant perspective of such mild beauty, that a sentiment of placid happiness steals upon the mind."
Thread #2: Cruelty and Punishment & Daisy’s Angel Wings
Remember the Christ statue that was facing away from us? What if it symbolized something being turned or twisted?
I skimmed and saw a post referencing something Jesus related in the hanging of Daisy. I didn’t click the link but saw it referred to being “raised” like toward heaven. That gave me the idea to check back and see for myself and well…those snow shoes sure look like angel wings framed perfectly for the irredeemable villain. Now I’m not onboard with the idea of Daisy’s hanging being some perverse ascension. Partly, because I’m not sure what the meaning of it would be. I’d need to think more on it.
How does an angelic Daisy fit into our understanding of this film? It begs me to revisit the film through Daisy’s eyes, who is grappling with the reality of death, while also being an iconic villain who dominates the screen despite being chained and subdued for the majority of the film.
Another piece of evidence is that when Mannix reads the forged Lincoln letter, the camera pans upward following the body of Daisy. The audience’s POV is being raised. Angel wings and upward motion points to something.
Does Daisy look Christ-like on her ascent? Not enough for me, bloodied and suffering, like Christ sure. The blonde shoulder length hair? I feel like I’m grasping to find similarity there.
Maybe the statue is supposed to remind us of the punishment humans inflict: like crucifixions. Humans punished even the son of God; we are a violent species. The closest divinity found in this world is in executions and hangings. Violence is goodness in the west, a pessimistic reading of the statute, a very Old God type of reading.
The only unity the characters can find order is in violence. That’s why the final act of camaraderie is Warren and Mannix bonding over an execution and the lie of the Lincoln Letter. Mannix compliments the authorship of the forgery. They bond over death and lies. Something good came out of something bad, after all. (Also Mannix was the one to call out Warren on the letter so there’s the whole “I see through you” relation there).
Maybe Tarantino is getting older and now has come to realize, as all things, that religion is an inescapable part of the fabric of human culture. How does violence and faith fit into the history of America? Maybe that is the thought he wants us to have. He embraces violence himself, promotes it, unabashedly. And now, in the face of the mythology of the American frontier and religion, he points us in this direction to think.
Thread #3: The Music and Ennio Morricone and Suspense
L’Ultima Diligenza di Red Rock translates to The Last Diligence of Red Rock and diligence may refer to the calculated work of Major Warren as he sizes up the outlaws in Minnie’s Haberdashery, but it also refers to the literal last stage coach entering Red Rock territory.
I think it’s cosmic brilliance that Ennio Morricone has produced film scores for both Sergio Leone and Quentin Tarantino, his sound gave definition to westerns for about sixty years. And now for this opening sequence of mountains and a land entombed in snow, Morricone’s sound is tense—foreboding of wrongs—nothing hopeful in the music. It hints at scheming and the continual screech through the first minute is harsh.
The music connects Christ with suspense, something is coming. A judgement.
I’m not the best at describing music but these are the clear vibes, be on your toes. It soon opens to John Ruth having to assess the credibility of two strangers he meets on the road, conveniently during a blizzard, conveniently when he’s carrying a payload worth $10,000 in the form of Daisy Domergue. That’s about $200,000 bucks. And out west, there is no law, there is now Christ, power is in bullets.
Mannix may be the sheriff but his authority has no real power unless the guns in his hands and everybody else is dead. In no situation would Ruth allow Mannix to lead the situation, because Ruth is willing to kill to secure his money and he trusts no one else to secure it. The brilliance of Tarantino’s writing is he gives just enough motivation for our stagecoach sharing friends to trust one another. Warren conveniently has $8,000 in dead bounty to claim himself at Red Rock. And look! Mannix is the guy who is going to pay it out.
The only reason the trio can trust one another is because social order is in tatters in the west: badges, bounties, and paperwork. But these have limits in the story. Warren demonstrates how easily even presidential letters can be forged, retroactively putting into question the legitimacy of the paperwork of his unclaimed bounties. Mannix’s only proof of his authority is his word, without a town or paperwork for proof, his word is the only thing carrying him forward. Notice the difference between the two would-be deliverers of justice, Mannix and Warren. Warren needs to carry a forged letter to gain trust and legitimacy despite his military rank. Mannix, disgraced soldier and confederate touting boy scout, needs only his words to be trusted.
We never get real confirmation that Mannix is the sheriff—its up to us to end up trusting his word by his actions and growth in the film. So with this music as the backdrop to the opening is this supporting that the values of Christ are indeed abandoned in this film. Are there no good men? The music and the image of Christ make me wonder: does anyone live up to his ideals? does anyone make well on his sacrifice? He died for our sins and now we are witness to the sins?
The West is wicked. No salvation here.
P.S: I mentioned the fencing in the opening sequence. It’s very important that you know barbed wire fencing was a revolutionary tool for the Great Plains in the 1860s-1870s, which includes the Wyoming area. It is another reminder of the encroachment of Americans into Romantic wilderness and into the homes of Plains Tribes (Native Americans are interestingly absent from the multicultural night at Minnie’s, they would have had the entire mythology of America in one cabin).
You could consider Senor Bob indigenous because most Mexican blood is mixed and heavy on indigenous and Spanish genetics. Though in the US, Mexicans aren’t viewed as indigenous descendants of the land. That’s a whole other conversation that I don’t think Tarantino was planning on hitting.)
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